T

This field function is not available in Eulerian multiphase models for axisymmetric cases.

In a multiphase continuum, a version of this field function is created for each phase.

Indicates the propensity of the optimizer to introduce a hole in the domain. Positive values of the Hole source indicate that solid material will be introduced. The rate at which solid material is introduced is governed by the Source Strength setting in the Topology Optimization model.

Indicates the fluid/solid interfaces within the domain. This quantity which ranges between 0 and 1 is the basis for modification of the linear system in the PDE wall distance solver. Cells identified as a material interface (i.e wall) are input as a wall boundary condition to the wall distance solver, consequently the wall distance is then set to zero for those cells. Only available with the PDE wall distance method for turbulence of the primal flow while solving topology physics.

Indicates the propagation speed of the level set interface. If the optimization stalls, make sure that the values are not too small.

Outputs the level set variable that controls the material distribution in Eqn. (5138). Positive values correspond to the primary material. Negative values correspond to the solid material. If the optimization stalls, check that both positive and negative values of this field function appear in the optimization domain.

${\kappa }_{total}=\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i\in bands}^{}}{n}_i^2{\kappa }_i{E}_{b,i}\right)/\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i\in bands}^{}}{E}_{b,i}\right)$

where $n$ is the index of refraction, $E_b$ is the blackbody emissive power and the subscript $i$ denotes the band.

${\epsilon }_{total}=\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i\in bands}^{}}{n}_i^2{\epsilon }_i{E}_{b,i}\right)/\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i\in bands}^{}}{E}_{b,i}\right)$

where $n$ is the index of refraction, $E_b$ is the blackbody emissive power and the subscript i denotes the band.

$P_t=P_{\text{abs}}\left[{(1+\frac{\left(\gamma -1\right)}{2}{M}^2)}^{\gamma /\left(\gamma -1\right)}\right]-P_{\text{ref}}$

where $P_{\text{abs}}$ , $P_{\text{ref}}$ , $M$ and $\gamma$ are the absolute pressure, reference pressure, Mach number, and ratio of specific heats, respectively.

For alternate equations of state, or a non-constant specific heat, $P_t$ is obtained by integrating $dh=dP/\rho$ from static conditions to total conditions.

$T_t=T(1+\frac{\left(\gamma -1\right)}{2}{M}^2)$

where $T$ , $M$ , and $\gamma$ are the static temperature, Mach number, and ratio of specific heats, respectively.

This field function is not available in Eulerian multiphase models.