Injector Conditions Reference

Injectors can be set up with the following conditions:

Allow Overlap With Boundary
Angular Velocity Specification
Coarse Graining Option Specification
Cone Angle Sample Distribution
Cross Section Specification
Cyclic Injector Specification
Flow Rate Distribution
Flow Rate Specification
Injection Time Rate Specification
Injection Volume Correction Specification
In-nozzle Nucleation
Lattice Structure
Orientation Specification
Overlap Specification
Particle Packing Specification
Particle Size Specification
Project to Boundary
Random Injection
Species Specification
Time Randomization
Transfer Condition
Velocity Specification

Allow Overlap With Boundary

Added to the tree when Injector Type is set to Surface Injector.

Properties:

Enabled	Corresponding Value Node
Off The default value.	None.
On Allows DEM particles to overlap with the boundary as they do with other DEM particles, at the Initial Overlap value.	Initial Overlap Overlap with the boundary as a fraction of particle equivalent diameter (taken as the diameter of a sphere of equal volume). The value ranges between 0.0 and 0.49. The default is 0.01.

Angular Velocity Specification

DEM particles can be injected with an angular velocity specified using vector notation. Specifies the distribution of the flow rate.

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Components Enter the angular velocity as a vector with magnitude.	Angular Momentum Vector notation is used to specify the angular velocity of injected particles where the magnitude and direction of the vector are equivalent to the angular rotation rate and the axis of rotation respectively. Properties: Method: Selects the method for entering the angular velocity. Common methods for a scalar profile can be used, as well as the Composite option, which sets the angular velocity of each component separately. A Composite array node is added as a child to this node. Dimensions: The dimensionality of the volume flow rate (read-only). Value: Specifies the x, y, and z values. These values are separated by commas in a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. The property customizer opens a dialog which contains separate fields for these values. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant. Vector Function: Activates an object selector dialog from which you can choose a field function. This property is only available when Method is set to Field Function. Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code. Coordinate System: The coordinate system in which the position is defined. Select from a drop-down list of available systems.

Method

Corresponding Value Node

Components

Enter the angular velocity as a vector with magnitude.

Angular Momentum

Vector notation is used to specify the angular velocity of injected particles where the magnitude and direction of the vector are equivalent to the angular rotation rate and the axis of rotation respectively.

Properties:

Method: Selects the method for entering the angular velocity. Common methods for a scalar profile can be used, as well as the Composite option, which sets the angular velocity of each component separately. A Composite array node is added as a child to this node.
Dimensions: The dimensionality of the volume flow rate (read-only).
Value: Specifies the x, y, and z values. These values are separated by commas in a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. The property customizer opens a dialog which contains separate fields for these values. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant.
Vector Function: Activates an object selector dialog from which you can choose a field function. This property is only available when Method is set to Field Function.
Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code.
Coordinate System: The coordinate system in which the position is defined. Select from a drop-down list of available systems.

Coarse Graining Option Specification

This node is added to the tree when a Coarse Grain Particle model is activated. This condition defines the number of individual particles represented in each simulated parcel.

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Constant Indicates that the number of individual particles per coarse-grained parcel is specified directly. This is the only option for random injectors. The default value is 1.	Particle Count For a table injector, the number of particles represented by a single parcel. It can be a constant or read from the injection table. The default value is 1. This node is not available with the DEM model, since each DEM parcel always represents one particle. For a random injector, the number of particles to inject in a single operation. Added to the tree under one of two conditions: When Injector Type is set to Table Injector and Table Type is set to Parcels Table. When Injector Type is set to Random Injector and the Particle Packing Specification is set to Particle Count.
Dynamic Indicates that Simcenter STAR-CCM+ dynamically calculates the number of individual particles per coarse-grained particle. The number depends on other injector conditions and values, such `Flow Rate Specification`, `Particle Size Specification`, and Mass Flow Rate. The number need not be an integer, but is never less than 1.	None.

Method

Corresponding Value Node

Constant

Indicates that the number of individual particles per coarse-grained parcel is specified directly. This is the only option for random injectors. The default value is 1.

Particle Count

For a table injector, the number of particles represented by a single parcel. It can be a constant or read from the injection table. The default value is 1. This node is not available with the DEM model, since each DEM parcel always represents one particle.

For a random injector, the number of particles to inject in a single operation.

Added to the tree under one of two conditions:

When Injector Type is set to Table Injector and Table Type is set to Parcels Table.
When Injector Type is set to Random Injector and the Particle Packing Specification is set to Particle Count.

Dynamic

Indicates that Simcenter STAR-CCM+ dynamically calculates the number of individual particles per coarse-grained particle. The number depends on other injector conditions and values, such Flow Rate Specification, Particle Size Specification, and Mass Flow Rate. The number need not be an integer, but is never less than 1.

None.

Cone Angle Sample Distribution

Added to the tree when Injector Type is Solid Cone or Hollow Cone.

Properties:

Enabled	Corresponding Value Node
Off The default. The parcel streams are sampled such that the surface of the cone (after a time $t$ ) is uniform as a function of $ϕ$ and $θ$ in a spherical coordinate system with the injection point as the origin.	None. The parcel streams are sampled such that the surface of the cone (after a time $t$ ) is uniform as a function of $ϕ$ and $θ$ in a spherical coordinate system with the injection point as the origin.
On The injection in $ϕ$ is weighted so that the sample density is biased along the injection direction. You can then select the cone angle sample distribution using the injection condition manager of the Polynomial Weighting injector value.	Polynomial Weighting The injection in $ϕ$ is weighted so that the sample density is biased along the injection direction. $ϕ = α_{in} + f (γ) (α_{o u t} - α_{in})$

Cross Section Specification

This node is added to the tree when the injector is a hollow or solid cone injector. The cross section of the cone can be circular or elliptical. The default is circular.

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Circle Indicates that the cross section of the cone injector is circular. This is the default.	Axis Specifies the ratio of the length of major axis to the length of minor axis. The default of 1.0 represents a circular cross section. This quantity must be greater than or equal to 1. Injector Diameter
Ellipse Indicates that the cross section of the cone injector is elliptical. The proportions and orientation of the ellipse axes are given under the Injector Axes value node.	Aspect Ratio Specifies the ratio of the length of major axis to the length of minor axis. The default of 1.0 represents a circular cross section. This quantity must be greater than or equal to 1. Injector Axes This value specifies the position and orientation of the elliptical cross section of a conical injector. Maximum Minor Axis Velocity This value specifies the maximum velocity along the minor axis of the ellipse. The default is 0. Minor Axis Length Total length of the injector hole along the minor axis of the ellipse. The default is 0.

Method

Corresponding Value Node

Circle

Indicates that the cross section of the cone injector is circular. This is the default.

Axis: Specifies the ratio of the length of major axis to the length of minor axis. The default of 1.0 represents a circular cross section. This quantity must be greater than or equal to 1.
Injector Diameter

Ellipse

Indicates that the cross section of the cone injector is elliptical. The proportions and orientation of the ellipse axes are given under the Injector Axes value node.

Aspect Ratio: Specifies the ratio of the length of major axis to the length of minor axis. The default of 1.0 represents a circular cross section. This quantity must be greater than or equal to 1.
Injector Axes: This value specifies the position and orientation of the elliptical cross section of a conical injector.
Maximum Minor Axis Velocity: This value specifies the maximum velocity along the minor axis of the ellipse. The default is 0.
Minor Axis Length: Total length of the injector hole along the minor axis of the ellipse. The default is 0.

Cyclic Injector Specification

This node is added to the tree when the injector is of type Table Injector and has its Table Type Specification set to Parcels.

Properties:

Cyclic	Corresponding Value Node
Off	None.
On Allows support of periodic injection. This is the default.	Cycle Time Gives the time period between repeated injections.

Flow Rate Distribution

This node is added to the tree when the injector is any type other than a point injector. There are three ways to distribute the flow rate. As an example, consider an injector consisting of 20 injection points. Each point injects 10 parcels every time step; that is to say, each injection point has 10 parcel streams. Let the time step be 1 s and the specified flow rate be 1 kg/s.

If the flow rate distribution is Per Injector, the total mass per second is 1 kg.
If the flow rate distribution is Per Injection Point, the total mass per second is 20 kg.
If the flow rate distribution is Per Parcel Stream, the total mass per second is 200 kg.

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Per Parcel Stream Indicates that the specified flow rate is applied at each parcel stream of each injection point of this injector.	None.
Per Injection Point Indicates that the specified flow rate is applied at each injection point of this injector. (Not available for point injectors.)	None.
Per Injector Indicates that the specified flow rate is the total for all the injection points of this injector.	None.

Flow Rate Specification

This condition specifies how the flow rate of particles at the injector is defined. Setting the Flow Rate Specification adjusts the particle size distribution, which is weighted according to the selected method of flow rate.

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Mass Flow Rate Indicates that the rate at which the injector introduces particles is deduced from a mass flow rate. Hence this condition is not available with the Massless Particles model.	Mass Flow Rate Applies to: any injector. In most cases, specifying mass flow rate means that each parcel in the parcel streams has the same mass (unsteady) or mass flow rate (steady). For the surface injector type, $A_{f} / A_{s}$ gives the scale for the mass or mass flow rate of each parcel. $A_{f}$ is the area of the face through which the parcel enters and $A_{s}$ is the total area of the surface injector. Properties: The following list applies to all injector types and distribution conditions except for those that are listed in the next list: Method: Selects the method for entering the injector mass flow rate. Common methods for a scalar profile can be used, as well as Table (Cone Angle), which specifies the table and table column containing volume flow rate as a function of angle. A Table (Cone Angle) node is added as a child to this node. If the flow rate is specified as series of time-dependent values in a table, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ computes a time-averaged value of the flow rate in a given time step. This time-averaged value depends on the interpolation option that you specify for the table. Value: Specifies the value with a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant. Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code. Dimensions: The dimensionality of the mass flow rate (read-only). The following list applies to the surface and part injectors, for Per Injector Point and Per Parcel Stream distributions: Method: Selects the method for entering the injector mass flow rate. Common method for a scalar profile can be used. Value: Specifies the value with a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant. Scalar Function: Activates an object selector dialog from which you can choose a field function. This property is only available when Method is set to Field Function. Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code. Dimensions: The dimensionality of the mass flow rate (read-only).
Volume Flow Rate Indicates that the rate at which the injector introduces particles is deduced from a volume flow rate. Hence this condition is not available with the Massless Particles model.	Volume Flow Rate Applies to: any injector. Specifies volume flow rate means that each parcel in the parcel streams has the same volume (unsteady) or volume flow rate (steady). $A_{f} / A_{s}$ gives the scale for the volume or volume flow rate of each parcel. $A_{f}$ is the area of the face through which the parcel enters, and $A_{s}$ is the total area of the surface injector. Properties: Method: Selects the method for entering the volume flow rate. Common methods for a scalar profile can be used, as well as Table (Cone Angle), which specifies the table and table column containing volume flow rate as a function of angle. A Table (Cone Angle) node is added as a child to this node. If the flow rate is specified as series of time-dependent values in a table, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ computes a time-averaged value of the flow rate in a given time step. This time-averaged value depends on the interpolation option that you specify for the table. Value: Specifies the value with a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant. Dimensions: The dimensionality of the volume flow rate (read-only).
Particle Flow Rate Indicates that the rate at which the injector introduces particles is specified directly.	Particle Flow Rate Applies to: any injector. Specifies particle flow rate means that each parcel in the parcel streams has the same particle count (unsteady) or particle flow rate (steady). $A_{f} / A_{s}$ gives the scale for the mass or mass flow rate of each parcel. $A_{f}$ is the area of the face through which the parcel enters, and $A_{s}$ is the total area of the surface injector. Properties: Method: Selects the method for entering the particle flow rate. Common methods for a scalar profile can be used, as well as Table (Cone Angle), which specifies the table and table column containing volume flow rate as a function of angle. A Table (Cone Angle) node is added as a child to this node. If the flow rate is specified as series of time-dependent values in a table, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ computes a time-averaged value of the flow rate in a given time step. This time-averaged value depends on the interpolation option that you specify for the table. Dimensions: The dimensionality of the particle flow rate (read-only).
Mass Flux Indicates that the rate at which the injector introduces particles is specified using a mass flux. The final mass flow rate depends on the surface area of the injector part. This method is only available for surface type injectors.	Mass Flux Applies to: the surface injector. Added to the tree when the injector has surface injector type and the Mass Flux option has been chosen for the `Flow Rate Specification`. It is entered as a scalar profile. The actual mass flow rate through each individual face of the injector surface is the product of the face surface area and the specified mass flux.
Volume Flux Indicates that the rate at which particles are introduced is specified using a volume flux. The final volume flow rate depends on the surface area of the injector part. This method is only available for surface type injectors.	Volume Flux Applies to: the surface injector. It is entered as a scalar profile. The actual volume flow rate through each individual face of the injector surface is the product of the face surface area and the specified volume flux.
Particle Flux Indicates that the rate at which particles are introduced is specified using a particle flux. The final particle flow rate depends on the surface area of the injector part. This method is only available for surface type injectors.	Particle Flux Applies to: the surface injector. It is entered as a scalar profile. The actual particle flow rate through each individual face of the injector surface is the product of the face surface area and the specified particle flux.
Dynamic Indicates that Simcenter STAR-CCM+ dynamically calculates the rate at which particles are introduced. The particle flow rate depends on the Particle Packing Specification and number of seeds values. This method is only available for random type injectors.	None.

Injection Time Rate Specification

Unlike other Lagrangian particles, DEM particles interact with each other. Hence it is not always possible to inject the required mass simultaneously at the beginning of an iteration. This option allows you to change this default behavior to smooth the injection over the time-step. elects if the DEM particles are injected simultaneously at the start of the time-step or over a series of sub steps.

Properties:

Time Rate	Corresponding Value Node
Timestep All particles are injected simultaneously at the start of the iteration. The default setting. Issues can occur where many particles are injected simultaneously.	None.
Substep The particle injection occurs throughout the solution of the time-step. Using this method avoids issues where large numbers of particles are injected simultaneously but can cause the solvers to slow.	None.

Injection Volume Correction Specification

This condition is available for DEM injectors.

Properties:

Enabled	Corresponding Value Node
Off This is the default. DEM particles are injected into the simulation domain prior to any fluid being present. Fluid is also initialized at the same time with a volume fraction equal to 1 in the same location as the DEM particles. This inconsistency causes instability in the early stages of a DEM simulation.	None.
On Simcenter STAR-CCM+ accounts for the volume occupied by DEM particles when it initializes the fluid volume fractions. Fluid volume fractions sum to (1 - DEM phase volume).	None.

Enabled

Corresponding Value Node

Off

This is the default.

DEM particles are injected into the simulation domain prior to any fluid being present. Fluid is also initialized at the same time with a volume fraction equal to 1 in the same location as the DEM particles. This inconsistency causes instability in the early stages of a DEM simulation.

None.

On

Simcenter STAR-CCM+ accounts for the volume occupied by DEM particles when it initializes the fluid volume fractions. Fluid volume fractions sum to (1 - DEM phase volume).

None.

In-nozzle Nucleation

This node is added to the tree when the injector has the nozzle type.

Properties:

Enabled	Corresponding Value Node
Off	None.
On Allows activation of the in-nozzle flash boiling model. This is the default.	Applies to: the Droplet Flash-Boiling model together with the nozzle injector, in implicit or PISO unsteady simulations. Specifies parameters for flash boiling inside the nozzle.

Lattice Structure

This node is added to the tree when the injector has lattice injector type. Allows injection of particles into the system with specified, mesh-independent spatial distribution. The main advantage of the lattice injector when compared to the other injector types is the ability to introduce higher particle loading rapidly and make the particle distribution stable with respect to remeshing.

Properties:

Lattice	Corresponding Value Node
Simple cubic Particle injection points correspond to the corners of a cube.	None.
Body centered cubic Particle injection points correspond to the corners and centroid of a cube.	None.
Face centered cubic Particle injection points correspond to the corners and face centers of a cube.	None.

Orientation Specification

Added to the tree when a non-spherical DEM particle shape is selected. Used to specify the initial orientation of the particle as it is injected.

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Angles The orientation is expressed as the Euler angles of the principle moments of inertia relative to the global co-ordinate frame.	None.
Angles, Body Aligned The orientation is expressed as the Euler angles of the axes of the frame used to define the particle relative to the global co-ordinate frame.	None.

Overlap Specification

Added to the tree when DEM particles are being injected with a table injector. Activated to specify that overlapping particles can be injected.

Properties:

Allow Overlap	Corresponding Value Node
Off This is the default.	None.
On Specifies that overlapping particles can be injected.	None.

Particle Packing Specification

This condition specifies the method for defining the quantity of particles injected. Added to the tree when the random injector type is chosen.

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Nodes
Porosity Limit This method is the default.	Porosity Limit Indicates that the packing of particles is specified by setting the volume fraction taken up by particles. The value can be set as an expression that evaluates to a spatially invariant constant. The value can be time dependent. Default value is 0.1. The random injector porosity is defined as: $Porosity = \frac{Total Volume of Injected Partices}{Volume of Regions Assigned to the Injector}$ The porosity limit defines the maximum packing limit for particles that are introduced into the injected region. As the injector injects particles that are composed of spheres, the porosity is always less than 1. For example, when using single spheres the maximum value is 0.74. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ stops injecting particles if the limit is exceeded, or if there is no space for further particles in the region. Properties: Value: Specifies the porosity limit for the random injector, which acts as an injection stopping condition. The porosity is the ratio of the total injected particles volume to the region volume. Injection Cycle Limit This value sets the number of times the injector can try to insert the Number of Seeds. This value and the Porosity Limit work together to limit the random injector. Number of Seeds The number of seeds used to generate injection points. The value can be set as an expression that evaluates to a spatially invariant constant. The value can be time dependent. The default value is 100. The number of seeds does not define the total number of particles injected—the Particle Count sets that number. For most cases, set this value as one tenth of the total number of particles that can be packed inside the volume of the injector region. Calculate the optimal number of seeds for a case as follows: Calculate the volume $V_{r}$ of the injector region. Calculate the volume $V_{p}$ of a single particle. Calculate the number of seeds as the number of particles that would fill 0.1 of the region volume as $0.1 \frac{V_{r}}{V_{p}}$ .
Particle Count Indicates that the quantity of particles is specified directly.	Number of Particles This values sets the number of particles the injector tries to keep in the simulation at any given time. The injector keeps trying to inject new particles whenever the number of particles existing in simulation domain is smaller than the value specified in this node; otherwise, it stops injecting particles. Injection Cycle Limit This value sets the maximum number of times the injector can try to insert the Number of Seeds. Multiple injection cycles compensate for the reduction of injected particles at each cycle due to the elimination of overlapping particles. Number of Seeds The number of seeds used to generate injection points. The value can be set as an expression that evaluates to a spatially invariant constant. The value can be time dependent. The default value is 100. The number of seeds does not define the total number of particles injected—the Particle Count sets that number. For most cases, set this value as one tenth of the total number of particles that can be packed inside the volume of the injector region. Calculate the optimal number of seeds for a case as follows: Calculate the volume $V_{r}$ of the injector region. Calculate the volume $V_{p}$ of a single particle. Calculate the number of seeds as the number of particles that would fill 0.1 of the region volume as $0.1 \frac{V_{r}}{V_{p}}$ .
Maximum Packing This method is available only with spherical particles.	Number of Particles Indicates that a specified number of spherical particles is grown from small starting size until maximum packing density is reached. Initial Porosity Limit The initial value for the volume fraction occupied by particles. The default is 0.3.

Method

Corresponding Value Nodes

Porosity Limit

This method is the default.

Porosity Limit

Indicates that the packing of particles is specified by setting the volume fraction taken up by particles. The value can be set as an expression that evaluates to a spatially invariant constant. The value can be time dependent. Default value is 0.1.

The random injector porosity is defined as:

$Porosity = \frac{Total Volume of Injected Partices}{Volume of Regions Assigned to the Injector}$

The porosity limit defines the maximum packing limit for particles that are introduced into the injected region. As the injector injects particles that are composed of spheres, the porosity is always less than 1. For example, when using single spheres the maximum value is 0.74. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ stops injecting particles if the limit is exceeded, or if there is no space for further particles in the region.

Properties:

Value: Specifies the porosity limit for the random injector, which acts as an injection stopping condition. The porosity is the ratio of the total injected particles volume to the region volume.

Injection Cycle Limit: This value sets the number of times the injector can try to insert the Number of Seeds. This value and the Porosity Limit work together to limit the random injector.

Number of Seeds

The number of seeds used to generate injection points. The value can be set as an expression that evaluates to a spatially invariant constant. The value can be time dependent. The default value is 100.

The number of seeds does not define the total number of particles injected—the Particle Count sets that number.

For most cases, set this value as one tenth of the total number of particles that can be packed inside the volume of the injector region. Calculate the optimal number of seeds for a case as follows:

Calculate the volume $V_{r}$ of the injector region.
Calculate the volume $V_{p}$ of a single particle.
Calculate the number of seeds as the number of particles that would fill 0.1 of the region volume as $0.1 \frac{V_{r}}{V_{p}}$ .

Particle Count

Indicates that the quantity of particles is specified directly.

Number of Particles

This values sets the number of particles the injector tries to keep in the simulation at any given time. The injector keeps trying to inject new particles whenever the number of particles existing in simulation domain is smaller than the value specified in this node; otherwise, it stops injecting particles.

Injection Cycle Limit

This value sets the maximum number of times the injector can try to insert the Number of Seeds. Multiple injection cycles compensate for the reduction of injected particles at each cycle due to the elimination of overlapping particles.

Number of Seeds

The number of seeds used to generate injection points. The value can be set as an expression that evaluates to a spatially invariant constant. The value can be time dependent. The default value is 100.

The number of seeds does not define the total number of particles injected—the Particle Count sets that number.

For most cases, set this value as one tenth of the total number of particles that can be packed inside the volume of the injector region. Calculate the optimal number of seeds for a case as follows:

Calculate the volume $V_{r}$ of the injector region.
Calculate the volume $V_{p}$ of a single particle.
Calculate the number of seeds as the number of particles that would fill 0.1 of the region volume as $0.1 \frac{V_{r}}{V_{p}}$ .

Maximum Packing

This method is available only with spherical particles.

Number of Particles: Indicates that a specified number of spherical particles is grown from small starting size until maximum packing density is reached.
Initial Porosity Limit: The initial value for the volume fraction occupied by particles. The default is 0.3.

Particle Size Specification

This condition specifies the method for defining the size of particles from the injector.

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Particle Size	Particle Diameter Applies to: any injector. Specifies the particle size directly. Properties: Method: The standard methods for a scalar profile are available for this value, along with more methods shown in the properties list below. Log-Normal: Specifies a range of particle diameters using a Log-normal particle size distribution. Log-Normal settings are added to these properties. Normal: Specifies a range of particle diameters using a normal particle size distribution. Normal settings are added to these properties. Rosin-Rammler: Specifies a range of particle diameters using a Rosin-Rammler particle size distribution. Rosin-Rammler settings are added to these properties. Table (Cone Angle): Specifies the table and table column containing particle diameter as a function of angle. A Table (Cone Angle) node is added as a child to this node. Table (particle size CDF): Specifies a range of particle diameters using a tabulated particle size distribution. A Table (particle size CDF) node is added as a child to this node. Value: Specifies the value with a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant. Scalar Function: Activates an object selector dialog from which you can choose a field function, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. This property is only available when Method is set to Field Function. Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code. Dimensions: The dimensionality of the particle diameter (read-only). Cylinder Height Applies to: the Cylindrical Particles model. The absolute value of the height and radius are determined from the particle mass and density. This value can also be defined as a field function depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. Cylinder Radius Applies to: the Cylindrical Particles model. Properties: Method: Selects the method for specifying the dimensions of cylindrical particles. Common methods for a scalar profile can be used, as well as the additional options shown below. Log-Normal: Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a Log-normal particle size distribution. Log-Normal settings are added to these properties. Normal: Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a normal particle size distribution. Normal settings are added to these properties. Rosin-Rammler: Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a Rosin-Rammler particle size distribution. Rosin-Rammler settings are added to these properties. Table (particle size CDF): Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a tabulated particle size distribution. A Table (particle size CDF) node is added as a child to this node. Table (particle size CDF, time): Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a tabulated particle size distribution. A Table (particle size CDF, time) node is added as a child to this node. Value: Specifies the value with a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant. Scalar Function: Activates an object selector dialog from which you can choose a field function, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. This property is only available when Method is set to Field Function. Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code. Dimensions: The dimensionality of the particle height and radius (read-only).
Particle Mass	Particle Mass Indicates that the particle size is deduced from its mass. Properties: Method: Selects the method for specifying the injector particle mass. Common methods for a scalar profile can be used, as well as the additional options shown below. Log-Normal: Specifies a range of particle masses using a Log-normal particle size distribution. Log-Normal settings are added to these properties. Normal: Specifies a range of particle masses using a normal particle size distribution. Normal settings are added to these properties. Rosin-Rammler: Specifies a range of particle masses using a Rosin-Rammler particle size distribution. Rosin-Rammler settings are added to these properties. Table (Cone Angle): Specifies the table and table column containing particle mass as a function of angle. A Table (Cone Angle) node is added as a child to this node. Table (particle size CDF): Specifies a range of particle masses using a tabulated particle size distribution. A Table (particle size CDF) node is added as a child to this node. Value: Specifies the value with a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant. Scalar Function: Activates an object selector dialog from which you can choose a field function, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. This property is only available when Method is set to Field Function. Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code. Dimensions: The dimensionality of the particle diameter (read-only). Cylinder Height/Radius Ratio Applies to: the Cylindrical Particles model. The absolute value of the height and radius are determined from the particle mass and density. This value can also be defined as a field function depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles.

Method

Corresponding Value Node

Particle Size

Particle Diameter

Applies to: any injector.

Specifies the particle size directly.

Properties:

Method: The standard methods for a scalar profile are available for this value, along with more methods shown in the properties list below.
- Log-Normal: Specifies a range of particle diameters using a Log-normal particle size distribution. Log-Normal settings are added to these properties.
- Normal: Specifies a range of particle diameters using a normal particle size distribution. Normal settings are added to these properties.
- Rosin-Rammler: Specifies a range of particle diameters using a Rosin-Rammler particle size distribution. Rosin-Rammler settings are added to these properties.
- Table (Cone Angle): Specifies the table and table column containing particle diameter as a function of angle. A Table (Cone Angle) node is added as a child to this node.
- Table (particle size CDF): Specifies a range of particle diameters using a tabulated particle size distribution. A Table (particle size CDF) node is added as a child to this node.
Value: Specifies the value with a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant.
Scalar Function: Activates an object selector dialog from which you can choose a field function, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. This property is only available when Method is set to Field Function.
Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code.
Dimensions: The dimensionality of the particle diameter (read-only).

Cylinder Height: Applies to: the Cylindrical Particles model.
The absolute value of the height and radius are determined from the particle mass and density. This value can also be defined as a field function depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles.

Cylinder Radius

Applies to: the Cylindrical Particles model.

Properties:

Method: Selects the method for specifying the dimensions of cylindrical particles. Common methods for a scalar profile can be used, as well as the additional options shown below.
- Log-Normal: Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a Log-normal particle size distribution. Log-Normal settings are added to these properties.
- Normal: Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a normal particle size distribution. Normal settings are added to these properties.
- Rosin-Rammler: Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a Rosin-Rammler particle size distribution. Rosin-Rammler settings are added to these properties.
- Table (particle size CDF): Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a tabulated particle size distribution. A Table (particle size CDF) node is added as a child to this node.
- Table (particle size CDF, time): Specifies a range of particle dimensions using a tabulated particle size distribution. A Table (particle size CDF, time) node is added as a child to this node.
Value: Specifies the value with a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant.
Scalar Function: Activates an object selector dialog from which you can choose a field function, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. This property is only available when Method is set to Field Function.
Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code.
Dimensions: The dimensionality of the particle height and radius (read-only).

Particle Mass

Particle Mass

Indicates that the particle size is deduced from its mass.

Properties:

Method: Selects the method for specifying the injector particle mass. Common methods for a scalar profile can be used, as well as the additional options shown below.
- Log-Normal: Specifies a range of particle masses using a Log-normal particle size distribution. Log-Normal settings are added to these properties.
- Normal: Specifies a range of particle masses using a normal particle size distribution. Normal settings are added to these properties.
- Rosin-Rammler: Specifies a range of particle masses using a Rosin-Rammler particle size distribution. Rosin-Rammler settings are added to these properties.
- Table (Cone Angle): Specifies the table and table column containing particle mass as a function of angle. A Table (Cone Angle) node is added as a child to this node.
- Table (particle size CDF): Specifies a range of particle masses using a tabulated particle size distribution. A Table (particle size CDF) node is added as a child to this node.
Value: Specifies the value with a text entry. You can also enter an expression, such as 10 * sin(3.14 * $Time), directly. This property is only available when Method is set to Constant.
Scalar Function: Activates an object selector dialog from which you can choose a field function, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. This property is only available when Method is set to Field Function.
Function: Provides a drop-down list from which you can choose a user function. This property is only available when Method is set to User Code.
Dimensions: The dimensionality of the particle diameter (read-only).

Cylinder Height/Radius Ratio: Applies to: the Cylindrical Particles model.
The absolute value of the height and radius are determined from the particle mass and density. This value can also be defined as a field function depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles.

Project to Boundary

Added to the tree when Injector Type is set to Point or Table. Added to Part when the injector input is a derived part.

When this condition is activated, an injection point is projected from its original position to the nearest boundary face of the designated boundaries. This condition is deactivated by default.

Properties

Enabled

Enabled	Corresponding Value Node
Off This is the default.	None.
On Activates injection points on the specified boundary walls.	Initial Overlap Overlap with the boundary as a fraction of particle equivalent diameter (taken as the diameter of a sphere of equal volume). The value ranges between 0.0 and 0.49. The default is 0.01.

Boundaries

Specifies the boundaries to have the projected injection points.

Random Injection

Added to the tree when Injector Type is set to Surface Injector.

Properties:

Enabled	Corresponding Value Node
Off This is the default.	None.
On Activates injection points at random positions on the boundary faces and makes the Injection Point Density and Re-randomization injector values available.	None.

Species Specification

Added to the tree when the Lagrangian Species model is chosen.

Similar to the species specification for a continuum, this object gives you a choice of how to specify the proportions of components in the injected particle:

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Mole Fraction The ratio of the molar amount of a component over the molar amount of the particle.	Species Mole Fraction The mole fraction of a component in the particle is the ratio of the molar amount of the component over the total molar amount of the particle. This object functions in a manner similar to the species mole fraction of a continuum. Properties: Method: Selects the method for specifying component mole fractions through the injector. Constant: Set the mole fraction of each component in the order they appear in the mixture. A Constant array node is added as a child to this node. Composite: Set the mole fraction of each component separately. A Composite array node is added as a child to this node. If you use a table injector, individual species mole fractions can be initialized by an injection table. If you use a hollow or solid cone injector, individual species mole fractions can be initialized by a cone angle table. Individual species mole fractions can be described with field functions, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. Injection Table: Set the mole fraction of each component according to an injection table. The table specifies the location of injection points, the time of injection, and the mole fraction of each component separately. Used only with table injectors. Dimensions: The dimensions of the mole fraction (read-only).
Mass Fraction The ratio of the mass of a component over the total mass of the particle.	Species Mass Fraction The mass fraction of a component in the particle is the ratio of its mass over the total mass of the particle. This object functions in a manner similar to the species mass fraction of a continuum. Properties: Method: Selects the method for specifying component mass fractions through the injector. Constant: Set the mass fraction of each component in the order they appear in the mixture. A Constant array node is added as a child to this node. Composite: Set the mass fraction of each component separately. A Composite array node is added as a child to this node. If you use a table injector, individual species mass fractions can be initialized by an injection table. If you use a hollow or solid cone injector, individual species mass fractions can be initialized by a cone angle table. Individual species mass fractions can be described with field functions, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. Injection Table: Set the mass fraction of each component according to an injection table. The table specifies the location of injection points, the time of injection, and the mass fraction of each component separately. Used only with table injectors. Dimensions: The dimensions of the mass fraction (read-only).

Method

Corresponding Value Node

Mole Fraction

The ratio of the molar amount of a component over the molar amount of the particle.

Species Mole Fraction

The mole fraction of a component in the particle is the ratio of the molar amount of the component over the total molar amount of the particle. This object functions in a manner similar to the species mole fraction of a continuum.

Properties:

Method: Selects the method for specifying component mole fractions through the injector.
- Constant: Set the mole fraction of each component in the order they appear in the mixture. A Constant array node is added as a child to this node.
- Composite: Set the mole fraction of each component separately. A Composite array node is added as a child to this node. If you use a table injector, individual species mole fractions can be initialized by an injection table. If you use a hollow or solid cone injector, individual species mole fractions can be initialized by a cone angle table. Individual species mole fractions can be described with field functions, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles.
- Injection Table: Set the mole fraction of each component according to an injection table. The table specifies the location of injection points, the time of injection, and the mole fraction of each component separately. Used only with table injectors.
Dimensions: The dimensions of the mole fraction (read-only).

Mass Fraction

The ratio of the mass of a component over the total mass of the particle.

Species Mass Fraction

The mass fraction of a component in the particle is the ratio of its mass over the total mass of the particle. This object functions in a manner similar to the species mass fraction of a continuum.

Properties:

Method: Selects the method for specifying component mass fractions through the injector.
- Constant: Set the mass fraction of each component in the order they appear in the mixture. A Constant array node is added as a child to this node.
- Composite: Set the mass fraction of each component separately. A Composite array node is added as a child to this node. If you use a table injector, individual species mass fractions can be initialized by an injection table. If you use a hollow or solid cone injector, individual species mass fractions can be initialized by a cone angle table. Individual species mass fractions can be described with field functions, which can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles.
- Injection Table: Set the mass fraction of each component according to an injection table. The table specifies the location of injection points, the time of injection, and the mass fraction of each component separately. Used only with table injectors.
Dimensions: The dimensions of the mass fraction (read-only).

Time Randomization

This object is available for non-DEM injectors in unsteady simulations. When activated, it causes the model to choose parcel injection time randomly within the time-step, rather than the default injection of all parcels at the start. This randomization can, for example, improve the appearance of animations where otherwise groups of parcels would appear to “march forward” together.

Properties:

Random	Corresponding Value Node
Off All parcels are injected at the start of the time-step.	None.
On Injection time for parcels is chosen randomly within the time-step.	None.

Transfer Condition

Applies to: the parcel transfer injector.

Specifies the moment of transfer from one phase to the other.

Properties:

Method Corresponding Value Node

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Model Driven For free-stream droplet phase to wall-bound droplet phase transitions. This transition happens as soon as a free-stream droplet impinges on a wall boundary and is driven by the Deposition model.	None.
User Defined Condition For DEM to DEM phase, Lagrangian free-stream to another Lagrangian free-stream phase, or DEM to Lagrangian free-stream phase transitions.	Transfer Criterion Controls which parcels in the source phase the injector reinjects into the destination phase. Click Custom Editor and enter the criterion in the dialog window, either directly or selecting system functions from the Reference tab in the Transfer Criterion dialog. Example: `$ParticleDiameter < 0.05` This criterion transfers particles in the source phase with a diameter below 0.05 m.

Model Driven

For free-stream droplet phase to wall-bound droplet phase transitions. This transition happens as soon as a free-stream droplet impinges on a wall boundary and is driven by the Deposition model.

None.

User Defined Condition

For DEM to DEM phase, Lagrangian free-stream to another Lagrangian free-stream phase, or DEM to Lagrangian free-stream phase transitions.

Transfer Criterion

Controls which parcels in the source phase the injector reinjects into the destination phase. Click Custom Editor and enter the criterion in the dialog window, either directly or selecting system functions from the Reference tab in the Transfer Criterion dialog. Example:

$ParticleDiameter < 0.05

This criterion transfers particles in the source phase with a diameter below 0.05 m.

Velocity Specification

The initial velocity of injected particles can be entered as a vector, or as a magnitude and direction, in which case the direction would be specified as a direction vector. You can also control the reference frame.

Properties:

Method	Corresponding Value Node
Components Enter the velocity as a vector with magnitude.	Velocity Applies to: any injector. This value is entered as a vector profile. If the Field Function method is selected, the field function can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. If the particle injection velocity is to correspond to the fluid velocity at the injection point, take the following steps: In the Properties window for the Values > Velocity node, select Field Function for the Method property. The Vector Function property becomes available. Select Velocity for the Vector Function property.
Magnitude + Direction Enter a direction vector and a magnitude.	Injection Direction Applies to: any injector. Entered as a vector profile. If the Field Function method is selected, the field function can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles. Velocity Magnitude Applies to: any injector. Entered as a scalar profile. If the Field Function method is selected, the field function can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles.

Method

Corresponding Value Node

Components

Enter the velocity as a vector with magnitude.

Velocity

Applies to: any injector.

This value is entered as a vector profile. If the Field Function method is selected, the field function can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles.

If the particle injection velocity is to correspond to the fluid velocity at the injection point, take the following steps:

In the Properties window for the Values > Velocity node, select Field Function for the Method property.
The Vector Function property becomes available.
Select Velocity for the Vector Function property.

Magnitude + Direction

Enter a direction vector and a magnitude.

Injection Direction: Applies to: any injector.
Entered as a vector profile. If the Field Function method is selected, the field function can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles.

Velocity Magnitude: Applies to: any injector.
Entered as a scalar profile. If the Field Function method is selected, the field function can be defined as depending on other properties initialized during the injection of the particles.

Reference Frame

The injection velocity can be specified relative to the mesh or in the absolute frame.

Relative to Mesh: The velocity is relative to the mesh.

Absolute: The velocity is absolute.