Fully Developed Interface

A fully developed interface is used to specify the periodic pressure drop for periodic (cyclic) repeats.

Although it makes most physical sense that this type is applied to periodic interfaces, it is not restricted to periodic interfaces. It has properties, conditions, values, and a pop-up menu.

Modeling

For both the Coupled and Segregated Flow models, the pressure jump $Δ p$ is specified at the interface.
For both the Coupled and Segregated Flow models, the mass flow rate $\dot{m}$ may be specified instead of the pressure jump.
Each interface has a direction from side 0 to side 1. When you create the interface, select side 0 first, then side 1. For a fully developed interface, the upstream is side 0. Therefore if you select the sides in the wrong order, the sign of the pressure jump is reversed.
This interface type may only be used between regions belonging to the same fluid continuum.
If the mass flow rate is specified, there can be no inlets or outlets that are connected to the continuum containing the interface. In addition, specifying the mass flow rate typically does not make sense for an in-place interface.
When debugging it is appropriate to report mass flow rates and pressures on the interface boundaries. This is more representative than creating derived parts nearby.

Fully Developed Interface Properties

You can use the properties that are listed below to adjust the specifications of a Fully-developed Interface node.

Geometry

Specifies the geometry source option:

Boundaries: The interface is a boundary-mode interface, which is created by selecting two boundaries.
Contacts: The interface is a contact-mode interface. which is defined directly from part contacts.

Boundary-0

Indicates the "fixed" side of the interface (Read Only).

Boundary-1

Indicates the "adapted" side of the interface (Read Only).

Vertices from boundary-1 are projected onto boundary-0. The orientation can be swapped through the right-click action Reverse Orientation.

Contacts

Displays the part surface contacts. When the Geometry property is Contacts, it shows the part surface contacts. Geometry property is Boundaries, it shows no value.

Type

Defines the type of interface. Must be set to Fully-developed Interface.

Topology

Defines the connection type between the interfaces:

In-place—uses the in-place topology.
Periodic—uses the periodic topology.
Repeating—uses the repeating topology.

Connectivity

Defines how the boundaries on the two sides of the interface are connected. Fully Developed interfaces have Imprinted connectivity type. The imprint connectivity type indicates the interface is within regions that are discretized using the finite volume method. The imprint procedure creates intersected faces.

Allow Per-Contact Values

Allows you to define the interface tolerance individually for each contact. Activates the child property Specify by Part Subgroup.

注	This property is only valid for contact-mode boundary interfaces. See also: Contact-Mode Boundary Interfaces.

Close Adjacent Cells

Creates a watertight intersection by fixing the cell connectivity between the interface faces and side faces along common edges.

With this option, the topology-based intersector adds extra edges to eliminate the gap between the sides, which reduces spurious oscillations in physical quantities.

This property is only available when the Direct Intersector of the Interface Manager node is set to Topology-Based and the Connectivity of the interface is Imprinted.

注	Close Adjacent Cells is not compatible with DFBI Motion.

Reset on Relative Motion

When activated, the interface is reset when there is any relative motion between the two sides.
When deactivated, the interface is reset when the relative motion between the two sides exceeds a relative tolerance based upon minimum edge length.

注	This property is only available when the Connectivity of the interface is Imprinted.

Fully Developed Interface Conditions

You can use the properties that are listed below to adjust the specifications of a Physics Condition node.

Fully Developed Flow Option

Specifies the flow when either the Coupled or Segregated Flow model is used.

Pressure Jump

Specifies pressure jump for the interface. A Pressure Jump interface value is added.

Mass Flow Rate

Calculates the mass flow rate for the interface. When the Segregated Flow model is used, a Mass Flow Rate interface value is added. When the Coupled Flow model is used, this value and a Mass Flow Rate Controls interface value are added.

Fully Developed Energy Option

Specifies the energy option at the interface.

Periodic

No temperature or enthalpy discontinuity at the interface.

Constant Temperature Walls

This option corresponds to the situation where the walls of the periodic domains are held at constant temperatures.

An interface condition Inflow Temperature Specification is added. The interface values Bulk Inflow Temperature and Temperature Reference are added.

If the wall temperature does vary, the scaling of the temperature profile is not correct, and an error is incurred.

Constant Heat Flux Walls

This option corresponds to the situation where a constant heat flux is introduced at the boundaries of the periodic domain.

An interface condition Inflow Temperature Specification is added. A Bulk Inflow Temperature interface value is added.

If the heat flux does vary, the scaling of the temperature profile might be affected, introducing some additional error. Periodically varying heat fluxes might be acceptable, since the resulting temperature field is linear, allowing the principle of superposition to be applied.

Inflow Temperature Specification

Specifies the temperature option at the interface. Activated when the Constant Temperature Wallsor Constant Heat Flux Wallsis selected for Fully Developed Energy Option.

Bulk Mean Inflow Temperature: Specifies the bulk mean temperature at the inflow boundary. A Bulk Inflow Temperature interface value is added.
Minimum Inflow Temperature: Specifies the lower limit of the temperature at the inflow boundary. A Minimum Inflow Temperature interface value is added.
Maximum Inflow Temperature: Specifies the upper limit of the temperature at the inflow boundary. A Maximum Inflow Temperature interface value is added.

Fully Developed Interface Values

You can use the properties that are listed below to adjust the specifications of a Physics Values node.

Intersection

Available for all direct interfaces to control the intersection tolerance. The available properties for fully developed interfaces are:

Specify by Part Subgroup: Specifies sub-grouping for contact-mode boundary interfaces to set up independent intersection properties. See also Contact-Mode Boundary Interfaces and 调整交界面相交容差（基于几何的方法）.

The remaining properties depend on the setting for the Direct Intersector property. This property is set on the Interfaces node (see Interfaces Properties):

Geometry-Based (Legacy)

This Direct Intersector option activates:

Geometric Tolerance: Specifies the maximum projection distance of adapted vertices onto the fixed side in terms of a fraction of minimum local edge length around each vertex. For more details, refer to 调整交界面相交容差（基于几何的方法）.

Topology-Based with Connectivity Imprinted

Match Outer Boundary: when activated, indicates that the interface boundaries are expected to fully overlap on large-scale topological features. Activate this option only when you expect a complete match of the two boundaries of an interface.
By default, this property is deactivated.
Projection Tolerance: maximum orthogonal projection distance in terms of a fraction of local element diameter. Places a limit on how the vertices of the adapted side get projected onto the fixed side. In cases where the two interface boundaries are separated by greater distances, you can increase the Projection Tolerance value to get fewer remainder faces.
By default, the tolerance is set to 0.2.
Angle Threshold: maximum angle (deg) by which the intersector identifies large-scale features that are mapped from the adapted side onto the fixed side. To preserve sharper features, specify a smaller Angle Threshold value. If the boundary meshes have spurious defects, you can specify a larger value.
By default, the value is set to 45 deg.

Bulk Inflow Temperature

Specifies the bulk mean temperature at the inflow boundary.

Temperature Reference

Activates a standard Select Objects dialog for selecting boundaries.

Mass Flow Rate

The mass flow rate for the fully developed interface.

Maximum Inflow Temperature

Specifies the upper limit of the temperature at the inflow boundary. For the Constant Temperature Walls condition, this value should be larger than the reference temperature.

Mass Flow Rate Controls

Options for the Mass Flow Rate:

Computed Pressure Jump—The pressure jump across the interface (read-only).
Verbose—Additional output is printed while the simulation is running when this option is activated.
Update Frequency—Sets the number of iterations or time-steps that must occur before the value is updated.
Under-Relaxation Factor—At each iteration, this property governs the extent to which the old solution is supplanted by the newly computed solution.

Minimum Inflow Temperature

Specifies the lower limit of the temperature at the inflow boundary. For the Constant Temperature Walls condition, this value should be smaller than the reference temperature.

Pressure Jump

This interface value is only applicable when Pressure Jump is selected as the Fully Developed Flow Option.