ISSIM Spark Ignition Model Reference

The ISSIM Spark Ignition model is a Eulerian spark-ignition model for 3D RANS simulations of internal combustion engines. You can use this model with the ECFM-3Z, ECFM-CLEH, or Complex Chemistry combustion models.

When the Laminar Flame Concept (LFC) or Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) combustion models are active, the name of the spark model is ISSIM Spark Flame Speed Ignition, and the Laminar Flame Speed (LFS) model is selected within the spark model. For other combustion models, where LFS is specified elsewhere, the spark model name is ISSIM Spark Ignition.


Theory	See ISSIM Spark Ignition.
Provided By	[physics continuum] > Models > Spark Ignition Models
Example Node Path	Continua > Physics 1 > Models > ISSIM Spark Ignition
Requires	Either: Use the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder add-on. The appropriate Simcenter STAR-CCM+ models are selected by the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder add-on. Material: Multi-Component Gas Space: Any Time: Implicit Unsteady, PISO Unsteady, or Explicit. Reaction Regime: Reacting Reacting Flow Models: Reacting Species Transport Reacting Species Models: Complex Chemistry Turbulence Chemistry Interactions: Any Optional Models: Spark Ignition
Properties	Key properties are: Periodic Spark Ignition and Solve 0D Equation For Flame Kernel Radius. See ISSIM Spark Model Properties.
Activates	Model Controls (child nodes)	Periodic Spark Ignition (see Periodic Spark Ignition property), Laminar Flame Speed Correction, Voltage Correction, Flame Kernel Propagation, and Laminar Flame Speed.
	Other Continuum Nodes	Right-clicking the Ignitors node allows you to create an ISSIM Ignitor. See ISSIM Ignitor Properties.

ISSIM Spark Ignition Model Properties

Periodic Spark Ignition

When On, creates a Periodic Spark Ignition sub-node with which you specify the timing between each spark ignition, that is, the Spark Ignition Period. When Off, no spark ignition occurs.

Solve 0D Equation For Flame Kernel Radius

When activated, creates a Flame Kernel Propagation sub-node with which you specify the parameters for the zero-dimensional equation Eqn. (3990) for flame kernel radius which Simcenter STAR-CCM+ solves. When deactivated, the flame is resolved on the mesh from the beginning of ignition.

Initial Burnt Mass

Specifies how the initial mass of burnt products that are deposited after the electric arc is determined.

m_{b}^{i g n}

in Eqn. (3981), Eqn. (3982), and Eqn. (3983). The following options are available:

Minimum Critical Burning Mass
From Actual Spark Energy Released
From Fixed Plasma Temperature

Critical Ignition Energy

Option for evaluating critical ignition energy.

E_{c r i t}

in Eqn. (3980).

Evaluated From Spark Arc Length: $l_{c} = l_{s p k}$
Evaluated From Spark Gap: $l_{c} = d_{i e}$

Spark Energy Released Distribution Adjustment

Option by which to adjust the Gaussian distribution of energy released by the spark plug to the gas.

E_{s p k}^{g a s}

in Eqn. (3979).

Height: ${S p}_{N R}$ in Eqn. (3979) is defined as 2.0.
Width: ${S p}_{N R}$ in Eqn. (3979) is automatically adjusted to get an acceptable maximum temperature around the spark.

Progress Variable Distribution Adjustment

Option by which to adjust the Gaussian distribution of progress variable.

{\bar{c}}_{i g n}

in Eqn. (3985).

Height: ${S p}_{c} = 7$ in Eqn. (3985).
Width: $c_{0} = 1$ in Eqn. (3985).

Minimum Ignitable Volume Fraction

Minimum fraction of the control volume

V_{c r l}

that satisfies ignition conditions (

E_{i g n} (t) > E_{c r i t} (t)

) to avoid misfire. See Eqn. (3980).

LFS Sphere Coefficient

Coefficient for the effective Laminar Flame Speed sphere of influence size.

{S p}_{S L}

in Eqn. (4000).

Initial Burnt Mass Coefficient

Multiplication constant for the initial ignition burnt mass.

K_{m b i g n}

in Eqn. (3981), Eqn. (3982), and Eqn. (3983).

Spark Energy Dilution Coefficient

Spark energy dilution coefficient.

K_{d i l}

in Eqn. (3978).

Laminar Flame Speed Correction

Maximum Unburnt Temperature: Maximum acceptable temperature for laminar flame speed correction evaluation. $T_{u}^{\max}$ in Eqn. (4003).
Laminar Flame Speed Correction Factor: Constant multiplier for correction of laminar flame speed. $K_{s l}$ in Eqn. (4000).
Extended Laminar Flame Speed Correction Option: When activated, bases laminar flame speed correction on the maximum arc length and extends after the end of the life of the spark.

Voltage Correction

Breakdown Voltage Coefficient: Breakdown voltage proportional coefficient. $K_{b d}$ in Eqn. (3970).

Voltage Correction: Secondary Breakdown Voltage Evaluation

Options

Provides the following options to specify the secondary breakdown (restrike) voltage correction factor:

F_{c}

in Eqn. (3970).


Option	Corresponding Option Node
No correction $F_{c} = 1$	None
Corr. Factor $F_{c}$ in Eqn. (3973) is equal to the Secondary Breakdown Voltage Correction Factor that you specify.	Secondary Breakdown Voltage Correction Factor
Corr. Factor, Rho_g and EGR Mod $F_{c}$ in Eqn. (3974) is calculated based upon density variations with the additional consideration of EGR mass fraction near the spark plug.	Secondary Breakdown Voltage Correction Factor
Corr. Factor, Rho_plasma Mod $F_{c}$ in Eqn. (3975) is calculated based upon plasma density variations that are estimated from the plasma temperature.	Secondary Breakdown Voltage Correction Factor

The Secondary Breakdown Voltage Correction Factor node allows you to set the Correction Coefficient property of the secondary breakdown (restrike),

K_{b d 2}

in Eqn. (3973), Eqn. (3974), and Eqn. (3975).

Flame Kernel Propagation

Available automatically when using the Complex Chemistry model.

When using the ECFM-3Z or ECFM-CLEH model, this node is only available when the Solve 0D Equation For Flame Kernel Radius property is activated for the ISSIM Spark Ignition model.

Maximum Wrinkling Coefficient: Maximum flame surface convolution coefficient. $K_{x m}$ in Eqn. (3994).
Wrinkling Production Coefficient: Coefficient for turbulent wrinkling production term. $K_{x p}$ in Eqn. (3993).
Transition Ratio: Ratio of flame kernel transition radius to turbulent length scale. $T_{r}$ in Eqn. (3995).
Maximum Transition Radius: Maximum value of flame kernel transition radius. $R_{k}^{L}$ in Eqn. (3995).

Laminar Flame Speed

Only available when using the Complex Chemistry model and either the Laminar Flame Concept model or the Eddy Dissipation Concept model with the ISSIM Spark Flame Speed Ignition model.

Method

Provides options for controlling the unstrained laminar flame speed.

Method	Corresponding Method Node
Gulder Laminar Flame Speed	Uses the Gülder laminar flame speed correlation Eqn. (3579)Activates the Gulder Laminar Flame Speed which allows you to set the Fuel Name.
Metghalchi Laminar Flame Speed	Uses the Metghalchi laminar flame speed correlation Eqn. (3573) Activates the Metghalchi Laminar Flame Speed which allows you to set the Fuel Name.
Precomputed LFS Table	Uses values taken from the Laminar Flame Speed Table that is specified under the Table Generators > LFS Table Generator node. Activates the Precomputed LFS Table node which allows you to select the Laminar Flame Speed Table defined in LFS Table Generator.
User Defined Laminar Flame Speed Uses a standard scalar profile to provide the laminar flame speed.	User Defined Laminar Flame Speed > Laminar Flame Speed Profile Allows you to provide the laminar flame speed.

Flame Speed Multiplier: Available for all Laminar Flame Speed (LFS) methods.; Allows you to multiply the LFS with a scale factor. The flame speed multiplier is applied to $S_{l}$ obtained from any of the LFS methods in Flame Speed Calculations.; Increasing the multiplier will increase the LFS and therefore the Turbulent Flame Speed. The recommended value ranges from 0.5 to 2. The default of 1 indicates that no multiplier is applied.

ISSIM Ignitor Properties

Coordinate System: The coordinate system which is used to define the coordinates of the spark and flame kernel location.
Electrodes Diameter: Diameter of the electrodes.
Inter Electrodes Distance: The distance between the anode and cathode. $d_{i e}$ in Eqn. (3985).
Secondary Circuit Inductance: Inductance of the secondary circuit of the spark plug. $L_{s}$ in Eqn. (3964).
Secondary Circuit Initial Energy: Initial energy of the secondary circuit of the spark plug. $E_{s} (t) = 0$ in Eqn. (3963).
Secondary Circuit Resistance: Resistance of the secondary circuit of the spark plug. $R_{s}$ in Eqn. (3963).
Sector Angle: Angle of the sector mesh, $θ$ .
Spark Position: Coordinates of the flame kernel (spark). $x_{s p k}$ in Eqn. (3979).
Spark Start Time: Time from which the spark is activated and ISSIM begins to compute the electrical circuit.
详细说明: 可用于选择运行模拟时 Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 在输出窗口中报告的信息量。此属性用于在发生问题时进行调试。可用的选项包括无、低和高。