Particle Induced Mixing Model Reference

The Sato model is the simplest and earliest model for particle-induced mixing, and is a robust alternative to later source-based models for particle induced turbulence. This model is applicable when modeling a dilute bubbly flow. For other flow scenarios, the field function method can be used.

In a dilute bubbly flow, the shear-induced turbulence and bubble-induced fluctuations operate at different scales. Figure 11 in Lance and Bataille (1991) [497] gives an example of grid turbulence where bubble-induced fluctuations are dominant but the decay rate of the shear-induced part remains unaffected. This situation is not well-described by the more advanced models that solve transport equations for the combined turbulence energy with one length scale equation. However, the Sato model assumes the shear-induced part is totally independent while the bubble-induced part is always in local equilibrium and does not need a transport equation.

表 1. Particle Induced Mixing Model Reference
Theory	See Particle Induced Turbulence.
Provided By	[phase interaction] > Models > Optional Models
Example Node Path	Multiphase Interaction > [Phase Interaction] > Models > Particle Induced Mixing
Requires	A Eulerian Multiphase (EMP) simulation, with a minimum of two phases. One phase must be a continuous phase, and another phase must be a dispersed phase. An appropriate turbulence model activated for each Eulerian phase. A Continuous-Dispersed Topology phase interaction is required.
Compatible With	S-gamma size distribution model k-epsilon turbulence models k-omega turbulence models Reynolds Stress models Note that the Particle Induced Mixing model is incompatible with Heat Transfer and the following continuous phase models: Laminar flow Multi-component phases LES Passive scalars
Properties	None.
Activates	Physics Models	None.
	Model Controls (child nodes)	Particle Induced Viscosity See Particle Induced Viscosity Properties.
	Field Functions	Particle Induced Viscosity of [phase interaction] See Particle Induced Mixing Field Functions.

Particle Induced Viscosity Properties

Method

Specifies the particle-induced viscosity method to use. The options are:

Constant
Field Function
Sato Bubble Induced Viscosity
See Sato Bubble Induced Viscosity Properties.

Sato Bubble Induced Viscosity Properties

Calibration Constant: A prefactor to the Sato bubble-induced viscosity. This value is $k$ in Eqn. (2496).
A+ Constant: A dimensionless constant in the van Driest damping factor that is used in the Sato bubble-induced viscosity calculation. This value is $A^{+}$ in Eqn. (2497).

Particle Induced Mixing Field Functions

Particle Induced Viscosity of [phase interaction]: The bubble-induced viscosity for the specific phase interaction. For the Sato model, this value is $ν_{S a t o}$ as given by Eqn. (2496).